Teorías sobre la plusvalía (Tomo IV de El Capital) vol. III Read Online Free PDF Page B

profits of stock, will keep] their products of equal […] value, however we may vary the quantity of immediate labour which they put in motion, or which their products may require . […] if we render these capitals unequal in amount, [48] [the same law must render] their products of unequal value, though the total quantity of labour expended upon each, should be precisely equal.» ( ibidem , p. 39)
    61. «… after the [49] separation of capitalists and labour [ers], it is […] the amount of capital , or [50] so quantity of accumulated labour, and not as before this separation , the sum of accumulated and immediate labour, expended on production, which determines the exchangeable value…» ( ibidem , pp. 39-40)
    62. «In that [51] early period…» ( ibidem , p. 33)
    63 «… the […] quantity of accumulated labour …» ( ibidem , p. 39)
    64. « Capital is commodities . If the value of commodities, then, depends upon the value of capital, it depends upon the value of commodities…» [52] ( James Mill «Elements of Political Economy», Londres, 1821, p. 74 (second ed… Londres, p. 94); [Marx cita aquí probablemente el libro de Samuel Bailey , «A Critical Dissertation on the Nature, Measures and Causes of Value…», Londres, 1825, página, 202]
    65. «The effectual demand for any commodity is always determined, and under any given rate of profit, ii constantly commensurate with the quantity of the ingredients of capital, or of the things required in its production, which consumers may be able and willing to offer in exchange for it.» ( R. Torrens «An Essay on the Production of Wealth…», Londres, 1821, p. 344)
    65. «… increased supply is the one and only cause of increased effectual demand .» ( ibidem , p. 348)
    65. « Market price […] always include the customary rate of profit for the time being […] natural price, consisting of the cost of production , or, in other words, of the capital expended in raising or fabricating commodities, cannot include the rate of profit,» ( ibidem , p. 51)
    65. «The farmer […] expends one hundred quarters of corn in cultivating his fields, and obtain in return one hundred and twenty quarters. In this case, twenty [494] quartets, being the excess of produce above expenditure, constitute the farmer’s profit; but it would be absurd to call this excess, or profit, a part of the expenditure [53] … The master manufacturer […] obtains in return a quantity of finished work. This finished work must possess a higher exchangeable value than the materials [54] …» ( ibidem , pp. 51-53)
    65. «Effectual demand consist in the power and inclination, on the part of consumers , to give for commodities, either by immediate or circuitious barter, some greater portion of all the [55] ingredients of capital than their production costs.» ( ibidem , p. 349) [traducción alemana, en parte, de Karl Marx , «Das Kapital», t. III, Berlín, 1959, p. 591.
    73. «On Value.» ( David Ricardo «On the Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation», third ed., Londres, 1821, p. 1)
    74. «… time does nothing. [56] How then can it create value [57] ? Time is a mere abstract term. It is a word, a sound. And it is the very same logical absurdity, to talk of an abstract unity measuring value, and of times creating it.» ( James Mill «Elements of Political Economy», second edition, Londres, 1824, p. 99)
    75. «The author [58] […] has made a curious attempt to resolve the effects of time into expenditure of labour . “If”, says he, “the wine which is put in the cellar is increased in value one tenth be being kept a year, one tenth more of labour may be correctly considered as having been expended upon it.”… a fact can be correctly considered as having taken place only when it really has taken place. In the instance adduced, no human being, by the terms of the supposition, has approached the wine, or spent upon it a moment or a single motion of his muscles.» ([ Samuel Bailey ] «A