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Saint-Sulpice where BS had enjoyed a musical day in 1782). Decree abolishing feudal rights and privileges rushed through the Assembly in an attempt to deal with rural disorder (4–11 August). Assembly issues Declaration of Rights (26 August).
Women’s march on Versailles, demanding bread. Queen’s apartment at Versailles entered. A crowd of 20,000 Parisians call on royal family to accompany them to the city, where they become effectively prisoners of the Assembly and the Paris mob (5–6 October).
November, December: secularization of church lands to raise money to pay off national debt; issue of
assignats
(paper money) – successful for two years. France divided into 83 administrative
départements
.
Lifting of censorship brings more than 350 journals into existence in Paris. George Washington first US president (to 1797).
    DATE: 1790
    AUTHOR’S LIFE: Death of BS’s father. He comes into his inheritance, including the family estate at Vieu. Constantly lobbied about local issues. In the Assembly contributes to key debates on the reorganization of French law and society. Speaks against introduction of English-style juries and, when he opposes public prosecution, crosses swords for the first time with Robespierre. Chosen as honorary colonel of Belley’s National Guard (October). Strongly built, and with a powerful voice, he is in November one of a deputation of 12 sent to prevent a mob from sacking the duc de Castries’ town house following a duel with a fellow member of the Assembly.
    LITERARY CONTEXT: Burke:
Reflections on the Revolution in France
.
Hébert publishes the extreme radical newspaper
Le Père Duchesne
(to 1794).
    HISTORICAL EVENTS: The Assembly spends this year ironing out a new constitution. Religious orders suppressed (February); civil constitution of the clergy (July) meets with resistance especially when finally condemned by the Vatican in March 1791. Civic fête celebrating Bastille day (July). Mutiny at Nancy (August). Resignation of Necker (September).
Proliferation of revolutionary clubs in Paris, the left-wing Breton Club (later to become the Jacobins) being the most influential, backed by a growing network of affiliated clubs in the provinces.
Véry opens restaurant in the Palais Royal which proves vastly popular.
He soon opens a second branch on the esplanade des Tuileries, the first building ever conceived as a restaurant – but demolished during Napoleon’s civic reconstruction.
Death of Emperor Joseph II.
    DATE: 1791
    AUTHOR’S LIFE: BS scores a small triumph when he ensures that the departmental seminary and the seat of the Bishop of Ain remain in Belley. On 31 May he speaks in a major debate on the death penalty (he is in favour – Robespierre, ironically, is against).
A constitutional monarchist, he strongly supports the Assembly’s decision not to act against the king after his attempted flight, telling the citizens of Belley that “the essential point [is] that we are not at the start of a new revolution, but in the process of completing the old one”. On 23 July BS speaks in support of introducing martial law and punishing the instigators of the Champs de Mars riot, once more incurring the wrath of Robespierre. In September he is one of 60 deputies who present the Constitutional Act to the king. On 30 September, the Assembly is disbanded and BS returns home, to dancing in the streets, and is made president of the civil tribunal of Belley. Becomes a judge at the civil court in Bourg (where he lives for a time) and a substitute judge on the new national appeal court (
Tribunal de cassation
). Resumes his old life of hunting, wining, dining and flirting.
    LITERARY CONTEXT: Paine:
Rights of Man
(and 1792).
Boswell:
Life of Samuel Johnson
.
Louvet:
Emilie de Varmont
.
De Sade:
Justine ou les Malheurs de la vertu
.
Brissot:
Nouveau Voyage dans les États-Unis de l’Amérique septentrionale
.
Franklin:
Mémoires de la vie privée de Benjamin Franklin
.
Olympe de Gouges:
Déclaration