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such great numbers that some anthropologists are convinced they point to a time when the feminine form was the singular representation of the Divine.
    Marija Gimbutas, an archeologist known for her research into the Neolithic cultures of Europe, offers compelling evidence that the European heartland was once invaded by Indo-European peoples from what is today the Ukraine and southern Russia. Being fierce warriors, these invaders rode newly domesticated horses and easily defeated the Goddess-worshipping Neolithic farmers. These invaders were known as members of the Battle Ax culture because they characteristically placed a stone battle ax, which by that time was useless as a weapon but held only symbolic value, in the graves of males.
    When the Battle Ax people arrived in Europe around 3000 B.C.E., they replaced the mythologies of the Great Mother with those of a male deity, and the representation of the Divine became the phallus or the tree of life. The chief deity in the Indo-European pantheon is Dyeus, God of the Sky, who was addressed as Father Sky or Shining Father. The name Dyeus is the root of the Latin word for deity, deus . In Greece, Dyeus would become Zeus and, in Rome, Jupiter.
    THE LOSS OF THE FEMININE
     
    With the first Sumerian cuneiform tablets, Indus script, and Egyptian hieroglyphs around 3000–2500 B.C.E., at the start of the Bronze Age, scribes of that period began to record the stories of military leaders and the songs of poets. Accounts of historical events became regarded as undisputed fact and began to replace legends, which were a mixture of fact and myth conveyed from one generation to the next through a rich oral tradition. Male gods of the sky and heavens, such as Zeus, Yahweh, Thor, and Shiva, took dominance over goddess traditions and the earth goddesses.
    People no longer saw nature as the manifestation of divinity but as a resource: forests were for building houses and ships, soil was to be tilled for crops, and animals were to be bred for food. A mechanistic view of nature began to prevail as alchemists gave way to chemists and astrologers to astronomers. With the arrival of Newtonian physics in the late 1600s, any force that couldn’t be explained by science was dismissed as superstition.
    Western medicine was born of this worldview. Instead of relying on natural remedies to cure the ailments of the body, physicians turned to synthetic drugs and surgery. The scientific worldview replaced the mysterious world of the ancients. The invention of microscopes enabled scientists to investigate what were once deemed invisible “spirits” that cause disease and to catalogue them as microbes.
    Later, investigators discovered the genetic code and began to entertain the notion that mortal humans could control health in the same way they controlled nature. Geneticists and chemists found ways to manipulate genes and conquer disease with prescription drugs.
    These days, Western physicians seem overly focused on reflexively responding to physical problems that they believe underlie their patients’ maladies. Whether the cause is a smoldering infectious agent or a chemical imbalance, all too often both physician and patient regard the prescription pad as the sole means to treat a disease, thus ignoring the more fundamental issue of patient uniqueness.
    A RETURN TO THE FEMININE
     
    And yet, the pendulum has begun to swing back to the belief in an interconnected universe and the importance of the divine feminine. Contemporary scientists, including the Noble Prize–winner Erwin Schrödinger, the neuroscientist Humberto Maturana, and the physicist Francisco Varela, have suggested the interrelatedness of all particles in the universe.
    We can find evidence of this interconnectedness in physics in a property known as entanglement. Evidence indicates that when two particles are created together, such as through the radioactive decay of other particles, they remain linked together, or entangled, no matter how