Beyond: Our Future in Space Read Online Free PDF

127
    momentum and energy from, 183
    speed of, 178, 228–29, 250, 251
    waves, 66
    Lindbergh, Charles, 30, 81–82, 90–91, 268
    “living off the land,” 166, 200
    logic, 14, 18
    Long March, 141
    Long March rockets, 113, 142, 143
    Long Now Foundation, 293
    Los Alamos, N. Mex., 239
    Los Angeles Times , 71
    Losing My Virginity (Branson), 86, 87
    Louis IX, king of France, 23
    Louis XVI, king of France, 68
    Lovelock, James, 286
    Lowell, Percival, 163–64
    Lucian of Samosata, 20
    Lucretius, 18–19
    Luna program, 50–51
    Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 156
    Lunokhod rover, 143
    Lynx rocket plane, 101
    M5 fiber, 161
    McAuliffe, Christa, 55, 74
    Mack 3 Blackbird, 69
    McKay, Chris, 173
    McLellan, William, 283
    magnetic implants, 207
    magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 190
    magnetic sails, 186, 223
    magnitude of time, 248–50, 249
    Manhattan Project, 36, 221
    Manifest Destiny, applied to space, 146–47, 199
    Manned Habitat Unit, 169
    many worlds concept, 17–20, 17 , 49, 267
    Mao Zedong, 141
    Marconi, Guglielmo, 237
    Mariner 2, 51
    Mariner 4, 164
    Marino, Lori, 190
    Marriott hotels, 145
    Mars, 28, 237, 270
    challenges of travel to, 166–70
    distance from Earth to, 50, 148, 166
    Earth compared to, 171–72, 216
    establishing a colony on, 166–71, 169 , 192, 195, 200–201, 203, 214, 248
    evidence of water on, 124–25, 163–66, 165 , 173
    fly-bys of, 51, 170
    imaginative perceptions of, 163–65
    latency on, 178
    map of, 163
    obstacles to exploration of, 66–67, 148
    one-way journey to, 166, 170–71, 200
    as potentially habitable, 124–25, 163, 165–66, 171, 172–74, 234, 278
    privately funded missions to, 170–71
    probes to, 40, 51, 52 , 164–65, 176, 246
    projected exploration of, 94–98, 101, 104, 115, 119, 157, 161, 163–74, 178, 181, 182
    property rights on, 145, 198–99
    sex and reproduction on, 200
    simulated journey to, 169–70
    soil of, 170
    staging points for, 161
    terraforming of, 172–74, 182, 216, 227
    tests for life on, 52
    Mars Direct, 169
    Mars500 mission, 169
    Mars One, 170–71, 198–201
    Mars Society, 166
    Mars 3 lander, 51
    Masai people, 120
    Massachusetts General Hospital, 250
    Masson-Zwaan, Tanja, 199
    mathematics, 19
    as universal language, 236–37
    Matrix, The , 260
    matter, manipulation of, 258
    matter-antimatter annihilation, 220, 220 , 221–22
    Mavroidis, Constantinos, 182
    Max-Q (maximum aerodynamic stress), 46
    Maxwell, James Clerk, 183
    Mayor, Michel, 126–28, 133
    medicine:
    challenges and innovation in, 92–93, 263
    cyborgs in, 205
    medicine ( continue d )
    as lacking in space, 200
    in life extension, 259
    nanotechnology in, 225, 259
    robots in, 180, 181 , 182, 205
    mediocrity, principle of, 261
    Mendez, Abel, 278
    mental models, 13–17, 18–19
    Mercury:
    orbit of, 126, 215
    property rights on, 145
    as uninhabitable, 124
    mercury poisoning, 118
    Mercury program, 41, 42, 71, 74, 272
    meta-intelligence, 94
    meteorites, 152, 160, 160 , 164, 195
    methane, 52–53, 125, 132, 278
    as biomarker, 217–18
    methanogens, 217
    “Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, A” (Goddard), 30, 31
    Methuselah, 131
    mice, in scientific research, 48–49, 250–51
    microbes, microbial life, 97–98, 173, 174, 217, 241, 246, 286
    habitable environments for, 122–25, 165–66, 186
    microcephaly, 203
    microgravity, 115
    microsatellites, 90
    Microsoft, 84, 188
    microwaves:
    beaming of, 223–24
    signals, 187
    Microwave Sciences, 223
    Middle East, population dispersion into, 8, 118
    migration:
    early human population dispersion through, 5–9, 9 , 15, 19
    motivation for, 9–12, 11
    military:
    covert projects of, 69–72
    Eisenhower’s caveat about, 79
    in Internet development, 77 , 78–79
    nanotechnology in, 180–81, 225
    in rocket development, 30, 32–39, 55–56, 71
    in space programs, 73, 76, 79, 144, 153
    Milky Way galaxy, 227, 240, 253, 263, 270
    ancient Greek concept of, 18
    Drake equation for detectable life in, 188, 233–35
    Earth-like exoplanets in, 129–33, 233, 291
    formation and age