shock and social disorientation contained in the present
situation, if the facts were prematurely and suddenly made public
without adequate preparation and conditioning. Anyway, this is the
view of the Council… there must be adequate time for a full study
to be made of the situation before any thought can be given to
making a public announcement.
–Dr. Heywood Floyd, 2001: A Space Odyssey
The modern era of lunar exploration actually began in the late 1950’s with the formation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and advent of the modern “space race” with the Soviet Union. At the outset, no one really knew where the space race was headed, or even where the finish line was. All that either side knew was that space was next great frontier to be conquered.
With the development of early rockets like the German V-2 and the U.S. Redstone, it became possible to consider launching artificial satellites into Earth orbit. Thanks to many technological innovations of the period, both solid and liquid fuel rockets were under development in the West by various rocket teams. It seemed only a matter of time until the United States placed a satellite (or a man) into Earth orbit.
No one knew the full extent of the secretive Russian rocketry progress until October 4 th , 1957, when the Soviet Union stunned the world by successfully launching the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit. This achievement electrified the American public, which had assumed they were well ahead in the newly declared “space race.”
Because of the possible threat of the communists raining nuclear bombs from space with no warning, the United States responded by hurriedly trying to launch a response mission, Vanguard 1. It blew up on the launching pad. Desperate, the U.S. turned to Dr. Werner von Braun and his handpicked team of Nazi rocket scientists to find a way to match the Soviets. Von Braun was considered a last resort because of his Nazi past, but he was a genius in rocketry, and he saved the day by successfully putting Explorer I, a 30-pound payload, into orbit.
But the euphoria of that achievement didn’t last long. The Soviets launched one successful mission after another and were clearly well ahead of the U.S. in their ability to place payloads into Earth orbit. And soon they had their eyes on another prize; being first to the Moon.
The Brookings Report
In order to counter this, the United States decided that it needed a centralized space planning agency that would oversee the civilian U.S. Space efforts. NASA, as we know it today, actually evolved from several earlier organizations. One called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA, was the primary source of early NASA brainpower. The NACA director, Dr. Vannevar Bush, was an instrumental player in many early aerospace projects and companies. He was co-founder of Raytheon systems, still a major defense contractor, and was director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, which oversaw the Manhattan Project which developed the U.S. atomic bomb. He was also President Roosevelt’s scientific advisor and played a key role in bringing many of the Nazi rocket scientists, like Werner Von Braun, to the USA.
But from the beginning, NASA was born under a cloak of secrecy that seemed aimed at one specific secret agenda; hiding the evidence of an Ancient Alien presence in the solar system.
Publically, the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 states that NASA is “a civilian agency exercising control over aeronautical and space activities sponsored by the United States.” But in reality, the Space Act shows that NASA is a sub-division of the Department of Defense and is subject to DOD oversight of all its activities:
“Sec. 305… (i) The [National Aeronautics and Space] Administration shall be considered a defense agency of the United States for the purpose of Chapter 17, Title 35 of the