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Yupana
    SCIENCE: The Nervous System
What Is the Nervous System?, Neurons, The Central Nervous System, The Peripheral Nervous System, The Somatic Nervous System, The Autonomic Nervous System
    FOREIGN LANGUAGE: French
The Origins, French Consonants, French Vowels, Articles, French Today, Useful Phrases
LESSON 3A
ANCIENT EGYPT
    Predynastic Egypt Egypt’s history began similarly to that of Mesopotamia. Civilizations congregated around the Nile River around 5500 b.c. The largest civilization, the Badari, inhabited the northern part of Egypt, and was most known for high-quality stone tools, ceramics, and pottery and their use of copper. In the southern part of Egypt, the Naqada civilization arose. Over the course of 1,000 years, the Naqada controlled the tribes along the Nile, and created a full system of hieroglyphics for writing.
COMPOSITION
    Parts of Speech Knowledge of parts of speech, or word classes, is critical in understanding how composition works. Parts of speech are nouns, such as people, places, or things; pronouns (words like
he
,
she
, and
it
that can replace nouns); adjectives (words that describe nouns); verbs (actions); adverbs (words that modify adjectives, verbs, or nouns by expressing place, manner, time, etc.); conjunctions (words used to connect phrases or sentences); articles (the word that is before the noun); prepositions (words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other parts of the sentence); and interjections (words that show emotion and are not linked to the rest of the sentence).
INCA MATHEMATICS
    A Language Found in Math The Inca Empire — which in 1532 was extremely large, spanning from present-day Argentina to Ecuador — consisted of many diverse ethnic groups of people. As a result, more than twenty different languages were spoken. With so many different languages and ethnicities, the Incas turned to mathematics to unite their people and to act as a common language among everyone. Their mathematical system was developed before their written language.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
    What Is the Nervous System? The nervous system is a complex system that is responsible for sending every electrical impulse and signal throughout your body. These signals are what cause any and all actions, reactions, and thoughts you have, as well as anything you feel. The nervous system is made up of two systems: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
FRENCH
    The Origins The roots of the French language date back to 154–125 b.c. when Gaul was conquered by the Romans. With the Romanization, Latin became the spoken language, causing the Gaulish language to be looked down upon and only used in more rustic areas. Eventually, the north would split from the south, leading to the creation of many distinct dialects. Over time, and due to the political prestige of the area, the dialect spoken in Paris would become the national language.
LESSON 3B
ANCIENT EGYPT
    Early Dynastic Egypt Around 3100 b.c., Upper and Lower Egypt united under the pharaoh Menes. Memphis, a part of Lower Egypt, was established as the capital of the land and became critical in trade and agriculture. It also provided a work force. Notable from this time period were the mastaba tombs, which were large rectangular, flat-roofed structures made of stone and mud-bricks that were built to celebrate pharaohs who had died.
COMPOSITION
    Basic Parts of a Sentence There are three main parts found in a sentence; the subject; the verb; and, often, the object. The subject is usually the noun, and it is who or what the sentence is about. The verb then follows the subject, indicating what action takes place. Lastly, the object follows the verb and is what receives the action. In the sentence “Tom threw the ball to Sally,” Tom is the subject because the sentence is about him. The throwing of the ball is the verb, and Sally is the object. She receives the ball that the subject threw toward her.
INCA MATHEMATICS
    The Quipu The Incas created a tool