redcoats, getting caught red-handed, being in the red, taking the red-eye, a code red, and red flags are just a few.
No wonder people think that red maraschino cherries are dangerous.
Food colorants have been used for many years. Some historians believe that they were first used around 1500 BC . In 1938 the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed, giving the FDA the authority to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. This is the origin of “FD&C” that you see before a dye’s number on product labels. In 1960 an amendment was added to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. This was called the Delaney Clause and it prohibited the marketing of any color additive that was found to cause cancer in animals or humans, regardless of amount. Since then, Red #1, #2, and #4 have all been banned. The two main red dyes that are still used are Red #3 and Red #40. Both are used in maraschino cherries.
Are these dyes perfectly safe? The cancer risks for Red #3 are as small as 1 in 100,000 over a seventy-year period. These dyes are found in many foods so an occasional maraschino cherry probably isn’t going to increase your risk. But if you’re scarfing down several whole jars a day, you might want to consider switching to olives.
WILL A WATERMELON BUSH GROW IN YOUR BELLY IF YOU SWALLOW A WATERMELON SEED?
We have been asked several versions of this question and have resisted our desire to purge it from the book entirely, because the answer seems SO obvious. Of course you won’t grow a watermelon bush, a cherry tree, or a pumpkin patch in your stomach if you swallow seeds.
Even if you clamp your duodenum, eat a bag of potting soil, swallow seeds, and then top it off with a shot or two of Miracle-Gro, nothing will grow. The stomach is hardly fertile ground for agriculture.
WHY DO YOU LOSE YOUR SENSE OF TASTE WHEN YOUR NOSE IS STUFFED?
Humans are microsmatic, which means that we have poorly developed olfactory organs. For us, the sense of smell is not essential for survival as it is for other animals and smell always seems to take a backseat to the other senses. Sight and hearing have always appeared to be the most necessary senses for humans and touch and taste are often thought to be more significant than smell. But what is taste without smell? Pretty limited, actually.
Humans can recognize as many as ten thousand different scents. Taste on the other hand, is limited to four basic categories: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Around 75 percent of what we perceive as taste actually comes from our sense of smell. Food gives off odor molecules that our brain recognizes. So it is no surprise that when your nose is stuffed, your taste suffers.
WHY DOES SPINACH LEAVE A CHALKY TASTE IN YOUR MOUTH?
We tried to answer this question in
Why Do Men Have Nipples?,
but it was difficult to find a clear answer so we just left it on the cutting room floor. Well, after many plates of sautéed spinach at one of our favorite restaurants, Bar Pitti in New York, we needed to find an answer.
Spinach is a famously healthy food due in great part to Popeye. (In our humble opinions, the greatest incarnations of Popeye are the original E. C. Segar cartoons that appeared in newspapers in the 1930s and the fantastic original animated versions by the Fleischer Brothers, but we digress.)
The most likely cause for the spinach aftertaste is the large amount of calcium, specifically calcium oxalate, found in spinach. You also will find the same compound in beet greens and rhubarb, so you’ll encounter the same aftertaste when eating these delicious veggies.
DOES BARBECUING CAUSE CANCER?
Picture this. A large man in plaid shorts stands beside his barbecue grill. His round beer belly is pushing out against his apron which reads “Will Grill for Sex.” An enormous flame is rising up in the air and the meat is crackling its way to an indistinguishable black-encrusted mess. The problem is that this familiar but unpleasant sight might actually be
John R. Little and Mark Allan Gunnells
Sean Thomas Fisher, Esmeralda Morin