The Silk Road: A New History Read Online Free PDF

218
karma, 164
Kashgar, 79, 218, 227, 234
Kashmir, 156
Keriya, 33, 53
Khakhsar, 135
Khan, Sher Ali, 196–97
Kharoshthi script
and Endere documents, 207–9
and Kroraina Kingdom
documents, 25 , 26–27, 30, 32–38, 42–43, 45–47
and Kumarajiva, 57
and Niya and Loulan
documents, 202, 237
and Sogdian documents, 117
Khoja Afaq, 232–33
Khorezm, 128
Khotan, 200–201
and Afghan caravans, 196
and Buddhism, 199–200, 203–7, 210–12, 221, 225, 227, 228–29, 231, 240
and diplomatic envoys, 16, 191, 192, 202, 222–26, 241
and Hedin’s explorations, 12, 13, 212
and Islam, 24, 199, 201, 218, 226–34, 241–42
and the jade trade, 235–36
and Kroraina Kingdom, 48, 49–51, 54
and mazar shrines, 234
and the Tang dynasty, 79, 211, 226
and Uighur population, 226, 233–34
Khotanese
and Buddhist monasteries, 240
and Dunhuang cave
documents, 24, 181, 199, 210, 220, 226, 241
and Islamic conquest, 199
and legal contracts, 209
and royal documents, 198
and Uighur language, 199, 211, 234
Khotan River, 11, 207
Khubilai Khan, 111
Khujand, 136
Khunjerab Pass, 32
Khusrau II, 156
Khvarnarse, 209
Kidarites, 120
Kirghiz, 108, 190, 216, 226
Kizil caves, 56–58, 60–65, 62, 63, 67 , 77
Koguryo, 128
Kongque (Peacock) River, 27
Korea, 128, 147, 157, 165
Korla, 60, 75
Kratchkovsky, I. Y., 130
Kroraina Kingdom, 28–29
Buddhism in, 26, 30, 31 , 33–35, 47, 51–55, 53
burial practices, 38–42, 41
coins of, 35–36, 42–43, 48–50
Gandhara immigrants, 26–27, 30, 32, 35, 37–38, 44–48, 50–52
and Kharoshthi script, 25 , 26–27, 30, 32–38, 42–43, 45–47
Stein’s explorations of, 12–13, 25–27, 30, 32–38, 42–43, 45–47, 53–54
Kucha
and Buddhism, 56–57, 66–70, 76–77, 80
and Hedin’s explorations, 58–60
and the Kizil caves, 56–58, 60–65, 62, 67 , 77
and Kumarajiva, 21
political control of, 75–82
religions of, 228
routes through, 58–59
and the Tang dynasty, 79–82, 211
and tourism, 10
and trade, 76–82
See also Kuchean language
Kucha caves, 10
Kucha River, 58
Kuchean language
and Kumarajiva, 21, 56–57, 66
and Pelliot’s expedition, 65
and Qu family rulers, 91
scholarship on, 70–77
and transformation texts, 188
travel passes, 57 , 79, 80
and Turfan, 82–83
word for “coin,” 259n58
Küchlük, 229
Kultobe, 116
Kum, 129
Kumamoto, Hiroshi, 226
Kumarajiva, 21, 56, 57, 66–70, 67 , 240
Kum River, 130
Kumtura, 61, 77
Kushan Empire, 18, 47–48, 52, 71, 202–3, 248n15
Kyrgyzstan, 90, 113
Lake Issyk-kul, 90, 113, 114
land deeds, 45–47
Lane, George Sherman, 72
languages of the Silk Road. See specific languages
Laozi, 182
lapis lazuli, 194
Late Khotanese, 210
Later Qin dynasty, 68–69
laws
and archeology, 34, 143, 149
and bankruptcy, 165
and Buddhism, 47, 51, 61
Islamic law, 136, 228–29, 232–33
and land distribution, 92
and moneylending, 151
and raids, 49
and silk as currency, 49
and trade regulations, 165
and travel restrictions, 17, 36
See also contracts
lay associations, 193
leather documents, 132, 137
leather products, 227
Le Coq, Albert von, 12, 60, 61–62, 64–65, 110, 175
legal documents, 45–47, 46 , 228
Liangzhou, 85, 144, 184
Liangzhu, 19
Liao dynasty, 228
library cave. See Dunhuang
Li Cheng, 143
Li Guangli, 65
Li Mi, 157
Lingdi, Han-dynasty Emperor, 32
Li Shaojin, 148–49
Li Shengtian, 222
Lishi Yanjiu , 176
literature, 157–58
livestock. See cattle; horses
loan documents
and diplomatic envoys, 192
and Duldur Aqur documents, 81
and Khotanese legal system, 215
and monasteries, 194
and moneylender Zuo’s tomb, 96
and pawn tickets, 151
and Sogdian merchants, 159
and Tang law, 103, 111
Lóczy, Lajos, 167–68
long-distance trade, 13
looting, 212
Lotus Sutra, 56, 69
Loulan
abandonment of, 54–55
and diplomatic envoys, 50
and the Han dynasty, 34
and Kharoshthi documents, 26, 237
and Kroraina Kingdom, 27
and migrant populations, 21, 236
and the Shanshan Kingdom, 42–44
and Stein’s explorations, 35
and trade documents, 42–44
wooden artifacts of, 36–38, 42–43, 45
Lü Guang, 68
Luo