The Prose Edda Read Online Free PDF Page B

of the
Edda
beyond Scandinavia that eventually led to a series of translations of the
Edda
into modern languages. The first translation of
Gylfaginning
into English appeared in London in 1770, as part of a book by Bishop Percy entitled
Northern Antiquities
. This book soon gained a readership, and in 1809 Sir Walter Scott reprinted it in Edinburgh with his own additions. By the nineteenth century, readers of most major European languages were able to learn about the gods, giants, dwarves, elves and other creatures who populated the cosmos of Old Scandinavian belief and imagination. For allowing us to glimpse this complex universe,we owe a debt of gratitude to Snorri Sturluson and the other Icelanders who contributed to writing and preserving the
Edda
.
NOTES
    1.
  Snorre Sturlusons Edda: Uppsala-Handskriften DG 11
, vol. II, transcribed by Anders Grape, Gotfried Kallstenius and Olof Thorell (Uppsala, 1977), p. 1.
    2.
  Kormáks Saga
in
Vatnsdæ la Saga
, ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson.
Íslenzk fornrit
VIII (Reykjavik, 1939), chapter 22. For an English translation of
Kormak’s Saga
, see
Sagas of Warrior-Poets
, ed. Diana Whaley (London and New York, 2002).

Further Reading
STUDIES
    Ciklamini, Marlene,
Snorri Sturluson
(Boston, 1978).
    Clunies Ross, Margaret,
Skáldskaparmál
(Odense, 1987).
    Davidson, H. R. Ellis,
Gods and Myths of Northern Europe
(London and New York, 1981).
    De Vries, Jan,
The Problem of Loki
(Helsinki, 1933).
    Dubois, Thomas A.,
Nordic Religions in the Viking Ages
(Philadelphia, 1999).
    Dumézil, Georges,
Gods of the Ancient Northmen
(Berkeley, 1973).
    Edda: A Collection of Essays
, ed. R. Glendinning and H. Bessason (Manitoba, 1983).
    Faulkes, Anthony, ‘Descent from the Gods’,
Mediaeval Scandinavia
11g (1978–9), pp. 92–125 .
    â€”, ‘The Sources of Skáldskaparmál’, in
Snorri Sturluson
, ed.
    A. Wolf,
Script Oralia
51(Tübingen, 1993), pp. 59–76 .
    Gade, Kari E.,
The Structure of Old Norse dróttkvætt Poetry
(Ithaca, NY, 1995).
    Harris, Joseph, ‘The Masterbuilder Tale in Snorri’s Edda and Two Sagas’,
Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi
91 (1976), pp. 66–101 .
    Lindow, John,
Norse Mythology
(Oxford, 2002).
    McTurk, Rory, ‘Fooling Gylfi’,
Alvíssmál
3 (1994), pp. 3–18 .
    Nordal, Gudrun,
Tools of Literacy
(Toronto, 2001).
    Poole, Russell,
Viking Poems on War and Peace
(Toronto, 1991).
    Quinn, Judy, ‘Eddu list’,
Alvíssmál
4 (1995), pp. 69–92 .
    See, Klaus von, ‘Snorri Sturluson and the Creation of a Norse Cultural Ideology’,
Saga-Book
25, 4 (2001), pp. 367–93.
    Snorrastefna
, ed. Úlfar Bragason (Reykjavik, 1992).
    Specvlvm Norroenvm
, ed. U. Dronke
et al
. (Odense, 1981).
    Turville-Petre, E. O. G.,
Myth and Religion of the North
(London, 1964).
    Uspenskij, Fjodor, ‘Towards Further Interpretation of the Primordial Cow
Auðhumla’
,
Scripta Islandica
51 (2000), pp. 119–32 .
PRIMARY TEXTS FOR NORSE MYTH AND LEGEND
    The Poetic Edda
, tr. C. Larrington (Oxford, 1996).
    The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki
, tr. J. L. Byock (London and New York, 1998).
    The Saga of the Volsungs
, tr. J. L. Byock (London and New York, 1999).
    The Saga of the Ynglings
, in
Heimskringla
, tr. L. M. Hollander (Austin, Tex., 1999), pp. 6–50.
    Saxo Grammaticus,
The History of the Danes, I–IX
, ed. H. E. Davidson, tr. P. Fisher (Cambridge, 1996).
    Seven Viking Romances
, tr. H. Pálsson and P. Edwards (London and New York, 1985).
    Tacitus, Publius Cornelius,
The Agricola and The Germania
, tr. H. Mattingly, revised S. A. Handford (London and New York, 1970).
THE ICELANDIC AND OLD NORSE BACKGROUND
    Byock, Jesse L.,
Viking Age Iceland
(London and New York, 2001).
    Foote, Peter G., and David M. Wilson,
The Viking Achievement
(London, 1970).
    Haywood, John,
The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings
(London and New York, 1995).
    Kristjánsson, Jónas,
Eddas and