The Pope and Mussolini Read Online Free PDF Page A

of the eponymous Italian ambassador to the Holy See of the late 1930s, for allowing me to use a photograph of the ambassador from the family archives.
    Wendy Strothman, my friend and literary agent, deserves special credit. Her deep knowledge of books and publishing, her literary judgment, and her strong support have meant much to me. I am also fortunate to have had David Ebershoff, of Random House, as my editor. It is rare to have an editor who is also such a talented and accomplished writer himself, and I feel deeply grateful to have had the benefit of David’s keen literary eye and his belief in the importance of this book. He has made this a much better book. Thanks as well to David’s talented assistant, Caitlin McKenna, for all her editorial efforts. I am grateful as well for all the other support I received at Random House and would like to thank especially Dennis Ambrose, Michelle Jasmine, Susan Kamil, Michael Gentile, and Lani Kaneta for all they have done.
    Finally, to my wife, Susan Dana Kertzer, who has lived with this book for many years, sharing in the pleasures of life in Italy. She has never let me forget the goal of writing a book that not only the experts but people who know little of this history will want to read. If I am lucky, one of her book groups may even read it.

NOTES

ARCHIVAL SOURCES AND ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in the endnotes .
    ARCHIVAL SOURCES
ACDF: 
Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede, Vatican S.O. Sant’Offizio
ACS: 
Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome
MCPG 
Ministero della Cultura Popolare, Gabinetto
MCPR 
Ministero della Cultura Popolare, Reports
MI 
Ministero dell’Interno, Direzione Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza
DAGR 
Direzione Generale Pubblica Sicurezza, Divisione Affari Generali e Riservati
DAGRA 
Direzione Generale Pubblica Sicurezza, Divisione Affari Generali e Riservati-annuali
FP 
Direzione Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza, Divisione Polizia Politica, fascicoli personali
PS 
Direzione Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza
PP 
Direzione Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza, Divisione Polizia Politica, “materia”
SPD 
Segreteria Particolare Duce
CO 
Segreteria Particolare Duce, Carteggio Ordinario
CR 
Segreteria Particolare Duce, Carteggio Riservato
CV 
Segreteria Particolare Duce, “carte della valigia”
ARSI: 
Archivium Romanum Societatis Iesu, Rome
TV 
Fondo Tacchi Venturi
ASMAE: 
Archivio Storico, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Rome
APG 
Affari Politici, 1931–45, Germania
APIN 
Affari Politici, 1919–30, Italia
APSS 
Affari Politici, 1931–45, Santa Sede
APNSS 
Affari Politici, 1919–30, Santa Sede
AISS 
Ambasciata Italiana presso la Santa Sede
Gab. 
Gabinetto
ASV: 
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City
ANI 
Archivio Nunziatura Italia
AESE 
Segreteria di Stato, Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari, Spagna
AESG 
Segreteria di Stato, Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari, Germania
AESI 
Segreteria di Stato, Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari, Italia
AESS 
Segreteria di Stato, Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari Stati Ecclesiastici
AESU 
Segreteria di Stato, Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari, Ungaria

REFERENCES

Note: All references to contemporaneous newspapers, magazines, and journals are cited in full in the endnotes .
Agostino, Marc. 1991. Le pape Pie XI et l’opinion (1922–1939) . Rome: Ecole française de Rome.
Alvarez, David. 2002. Spies in the Vatican: Espionage and Intrigue from Napoleon to the Holocaust . Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
Amal, Oscar L. 1985. Ambivalent Alliance: The Catholic Church and the Action Française, 1899–1939 . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Annuario Pontificio per l’anno 1940 . 1940. Vatican City: Tipografia Vaticana.
Aradi, Zsolt. 1958. Pius XI, the Pope and the Man . New York: Hanover House.
Aubert, Roger. 2000. “Le Cardinal Mercier aux conclaves de 1914 et de 1922.” Bulletin de la Classe des lettres et des sciences morales et