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Professor of Sociology at the University of Arizona. She is a former chair of the American Sociological Association section on the Sociology
    of Emotions and is currently co-editor of Social Psychology Quarterly and chair
    of the American Sociological Association section on Social Psychology. Her
    research focuses on identity, social interaction and emotion. She is currently
    completing a National Science Foundation funded study of identity and con-
    versational interaction.
    Carola SuaÂrez-Orozco is co-director of Harvard Immigration Projects and a
    lecturer in education in the Human Development and Psychology area. She is
    co-author (with Marcelo SuaÂrez-Orozco)of Transformations and Children of
    Immigration.
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    Contributors
    Alain Touraine was appointed Directeur d'eÂtudes in 1960 at Ecole Pratique des
    Hautes Etudes, which later became Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales.
    He has also taught at Paris-Nanterre University and in Chile, Brazil, the United States and Canada, and has served as President of the French Association of
    Sociology and Vice President of the International Sociological Association. The
    most recent of his many books that have been translated into English include:
    Return of the Actor, Critique of Modernity, What Is Democracy?, Can We Live
    Together? Equal and Different, and How to Get out of Liberalism?
    Donald J. Treiman is Professor of Sociology at the University of California at Los Angeles. His research focuses on the comparative study of social stratification
    and social mobility. For many years he has carried out large-scale worldwide
    comparisons of systems of social stratification, and recently conducted sample
    surveys in South Africa, Eastern European nations, and the People's Republic of
    China, all designed to explore the effect of abrupt social change on stratification outcomes.
    John Urry is Professor of Sociology at Lancaster University, and author or joint author of various books, including The End of Organized Capitalism (1987),
    The Tourist Gaze (1990), Economies of Signs and Space (1994), Consuming
    Places (1995), Contested Natures (1998), and Sociology Beyond Societies
    (2000). Research areas include service industries, the environment, leisure and
    tourism, urban sociology, and social theory. He is Chair of the UK's Research
    Assessment Exercise Sociology Panel in 1996 and 2001.
    Peter Wagner is Professor of Social and Political Theory at the European Uni-
    versity Institute in Florence and Professor of Sociology at the University of
    Warwick. Before 1996 he taught at the Free University of Berlin, and has held
    visiting positions at various European and American universities. His publica-
    tions include Le travail et la nation, A Sociology of Modernity, and Der Raum
    des Gelehrten (with Heidrun Friese).
    Immanuel Wallerstein is Director of the Fernand Braudel Center, Binghamton
    University; author, most recently, of The End of the World as We Know It: Social Science for the Twenty- first Century; and Chair of the Gulbenkian Commission
    for the Restructuring of the Social Sciences (1993±5), whose report is Open the
    Social Sciences.
    Robert Woodberry is a sociology graduate student at the University of North
    Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests include global religious transformations, and he has also done research on the sampling and measurement of
    religious groups on surveys.

Part I
    Referencing Globalization
    1
    The Sociology of Space and Place
    John Urry
    Introduction
    In this chapter I shall show that space (and place) should be central to sociology.
    But the history of sociology in the twentieth century has in some ways been the
    history of the singular absence of space. This was an absence that could not be
    entirely sustained. Here and there space broke through, disrupting pre-existing
    notions which were formed around distinctions which had mainly served to
    construct an a-spatial sociology. Societies were typically viewed as endogenous, as