Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre Read Online Free PDF Page B

revolutions. A constitutional monarchist rather than democrat, horrified by the September massacres and Robespierre, resigned his honorary French citizenship during the Terror.
    Lacombe, Claire (1765–?), actress and prominent female organizer of the 10 August 1792 rising, presided over the Parisian republican women’s section organizations and women’s Marat cult after his assassination. Associated with several Enragé petitions for food price regulation. Criticized Robespierre, arrested on 3 April 1794, and imprisoned for thirteen months until released in August 1795.
    Lafayette, Marie-Joseph Paul, marquis de (1757–1834), general in the American Revolution from June 1777, appointed commander of the Paris National Guard after the Bastille’s fall. Gained control of the 5 October 1789 march on Versailles when he escorted the royal family back to Paris. Committed to constitutional monarchy, participated in the Feuillant ascendancy of 1791–92. Fled Paris during the rising of 10 August 1792, defecting to the Austrians.
    La Harpe, Jean-François de (1739–1803), playwright, man of letters, and ardent disciple of Voltaire. Originally an enthusiastic revolutionary, was imprisoned by the Montagne in April 1794. Released after Thermidor, became an implacable foe of the Revolution and the “philosophy” that caused it. Punished for constantly denouncing the Republic, was prevented from teaching after the coup of Fructidor.
    Lakanal, Joseph (1762–1845), philosophy professor, directing many of the Republic’s educational and cultural initiatives during the Montagnard ascendancy, including establishment of the Paris Natural History Museum (June 1793) while deferring to Montagnard school policy. After Thermidor, reversed Robespierre’s education priorities as president of the legislature’s education committee, among other undertakings founding the écoles centrales secondary school system.
    Lalande, Jérôme (1732–1807), renowned astronomer, atheist, and philosophe, doyen of French astronomy in the late eighteenth century and together with Romme the main theorist and designer of the new republican calendar presented to the Convention in November 1792.
    Lally-Tollendal, Trophime Gérard, marquis de (1751–1830), with Mounier headed the monarchiens in the National Assembly from August to October 1789, striving for mixed government on the British model, including bicameralism and a permanent royal veto. Briefly imprisoned after the 10 August 1792 rising, fled to England on his release. At the Restoration, Louis XVIII made him a peer of France and member of the royal privy council.
    Lameth, Alexandre de (1760–1829), an Artois noble and leader of the Feuillant faction. A cavalry colonel and veteran officer of the American war, defected from the nobility to the Third in the Estates-General of 1789 and opposed the constitutional monarchy retaining any significant powers. A left-centrist anticlerical opposed both to Mounier’s monarchism and to democratic republicanism, he defected to the Austrians with Lafayette after 10 August 1792.
    Lameth, Charles de (1757–1832), an Artois noble and, like his brother, a prominent Feuillant faction leader. Veteran of the American Revolution, wounded at the siege of Yorktown, defected from the nobility to the Third in the Estates-General of 1789. After 10 August 1792 resided in Hamburg. Adhered to Napoleon, the Restoration, and the 1830 revolution.
    Lamourette, Antoine Adrien (1742–1794), prominent Catholic democratic republican popularly “elected” constitutional bishop of Lyon in February 1791. Long urging reconciliation of the Brissotins and Montagne, from June 1793 opposed the Montagne in Lyon. Guillotined in Paris on 11 January 1794.
    Lanjuinais, Jean Denis (1753–1827), Rennes university professor and founder of the Club Breton, the antecedent of the Jacobins. Opposed the trial of Louis XVI and the Montagnard ascendancy. After surviving in hiding, concealed for eighteen