Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre Read Online Free PDF

a key sansculotte mobilizer on 31 May and 2 June 1793. Resenting his sansculotte popularity, Robespierre had him publicly denounced. Guillotined with Danton, on 5 April 1794.
    Hanriot, François (1759–1794), notorious ruffian enjoying great prestige in the sansculotte quarters of Paris, made commander of the Paris Nation Guard by Robespierre on 31 May 1793. Played the leading role in overpowering the Convention during the coup of 2 June 1793. At Thermidor, headed the efforts to rescue Robespierre. Guillotined with Robespierre on 28 July 1794.
    Hébert, Jacque René (1757–1794), middle-class disciple of Marat and editor of the most overtly populist revolutionary paper, Le Père Duchesne , gained great prestige among the sansculottes and in the Jacobins. Headed the Montagnard faction that was most amenable to compromise with sansculotte demands. Denounced in the Jacobins by Saint-Just on 14 March, guillotined in Paris on 24 March 1794.
    Hérault de Séchelles, Marie-Jean (1759–1794) avocat-général of the Paris parlement at the young age of twenty-six in 1785, a sophisticated, wealthy, cynical aristocrat and political trimmer deftly steering between Feuillants, Brissotins, and the Montagne. Headed the commission that finalized the Montagnard constitution of June 1793. Loathed by Robespierre and Saint-Just, guillotined with Danton on 5 April 1794.
    Houdon, Jean-Antoine (1741–1828), chief sculptor of the Enlightenment, renowned for his busts of Diderot, Mirabeau, Lafayette, Turgot, Gluck, Jefferson, Barnave, Marie-Joseph Chénier, and Barlow, as well as of the Rousseau bust gracing the National Assembly and the famous statue of Voltaire seated. Also sculpted Washington during his visit to the United States (1785) and Catherine the Great in Petersburg. In difficulties under the Montagnard despotism, clashed with David, narrowly escaping imprisonment.
    Irhoven van Dam, Willem van (1760–1802), radical egalitarian and republican journalist in Amsterdam and editor of the De Courier van Europa (1783–85). In 1794–95, headed the underground committee in Amsterdam planning the failed rising of October 1794 and, more successfully, preparing the way for the French invasion of Holland and Batavian Revolution of early 1795.
    Isnard, Maximilien (1755–1825), Grasse parfumeur , converted to philosophique ideas and an aggressive republicanism, during the Convention in 1792–93 was among the leaders of the Brissotin ascendancy. Hid during the Terror, reemerged after Thermidor, restored to the Convention in February 1795. After 1800, converted to ultra-royalism and mystical Catholicism.
    Jullien, Marc Antoine (1775–1848), ardent egalitarian among Robespierre’s most youthful and trusted agents, directed the stepped-up Terror at Bordeaux in the summer of 1794. After Thermidor, imprisoned as a Robespierriste until October 1795. During 1796, edited the republican French-language newspaper of Napoleon’s army in Italy. Among the organizers of the Neapolitan republic of 1799.
    Kersaint, Armand Guy, comte de (1742–1793), Breton republican naval officer chairing the Paris assembly of electors in 1789. In January 1793, led the Convention deputies demanding Louis XVI’s life imprisonment rather than execution, resigning in protest shortly before the execution. Vehement foe of the Montagne. Arrested on 2 October, guillotined on 4 December 1793.
    Kervélégan, Augustin Bernard de (1748–1825), republican pamphleteer in 1788, opposing royal despotism, aristocracy, and ecclesiastical authority. A member of the Brissotin Commission de Douze of May 1793 set up to investigate the Montagnard Commune, outlawed during the Terror, survived in hiding. Reappeared in the Convention in March 1795, remaining prominent in republican politics until the Brumaire coup. Submitted without protest to Napoleon’s dictatorship.
    Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb (1724–1803), poet and enlightener among the leading German apologists for the American and French