sole purpose of the continuation of the species. The solar center of a womanâs universe was her uterus, and monthly menstrual cycles precipitated great storms of disordersâthrobbing lust, hysteria, and insanity. Women were a lower order and incapable of rational, abstract thinking, a view with which Walter Sickert concurred. He was quite eager to assert that women were incapable of understanding art, that they were interested in it only when it âministers to their vanityâ or elevates them âin those social classifications they study so anxiously.â Women of genius, the rare few there were, Sickert said, âcount as men.â
His beliefs were not unusual for the era. Women were a different ârace.â Contraception was a blasphemy against God and society, and poverty flourished as women gave birth at an alarming rate. Sex was to be enjoyed by women for the sole reason that physiologically, an orgasm was thought to be essential for the secretion of the fluids necessary for conception. To experience the âthrillâ while unmarried or by oneself was perverse and a serious threat to sanity, salvation, and health. Some nineteenth-century English physicians cured masturbation with clitorectomies. The âthrillâ for the sake of the âthrill,â especially among females, was socially abhorrent. It was wicked. It was barbaric.
Christian men and women had heard the stories. Way back in the days of Herodotus, Egyptian females were so aberrant and blasphemous, they dared to mock God by giving themselves up to raging lust and flaunting the pleasures of the flesh. In those primitive days, satisfying lust for money was desirable, not shameful. A voracious sexual appetite was good, not evil. When a beautiful young woman died, there was nothing wrong with hot-blooded males enjoying her body until it was getting a bit ripe and ready for the embalmer. Such stories were not repeated in polite company, but the decent nineteenth-century families of Sickertâs day knew that the Bible had not a single nice thing to say about strumpets.
The notion that only guiltless people cast the first stone was forgotten. That was plain enough when crowds swelled to watch a public beheading or hanging. Somewhere along the way the belief that the sins of the father will be visited on the children got translated into the belief that the sins of the mother will be revisited among the children. Thomas Heywoode wrote that a womanâs âvertue once violated brings infamy and dishonour.â The poisons of the offending womanâs sin, Heywoode promised, will extend to the âposteritie which shall arise from so corrupt a seed, generated from unlawful and adulterate copulation.â
Two hundred and fifty years later, the English language was a bit easier to understand, but Victorian beliefs about women and immorality were the same: Sexual intercourse was for the purposes of procreation, and the âthrillâ was the catalyst to conception. Quackery perpetuated by physicians stated as medical fact that the âthrillâ was essential to a womanâs becoming pregnant. If a raped woman got pregnant, then she had experienced an orgasm during the sexual encounter, and intercourse could not have been against her will. If a raped woman did not become pregnant, she could not have had an orgasm, indicating that her claims of violation might be the truth.
Men of the nineteenth century were very much preoccupied with the female orgasm. The âthrillâ was so important, one has to wonder how often it was faked. That would be a good trick to learnâthen barrenness could be blamed on the male. If a woman could not have an orgasm and was honest about it, her condition might be diagnosed as female impotence. A thorough examination by a doctor was needed, and the simple treatment of digital manipulation of the clitoris and breasts was often sufficient in determining whether the