Essential Facts on the Go: Internal Medicine Read Online Free PDF Page A

diabetic retinopathy: diabetic maculopathy 3

    Chronic, severe systemic hypertensive changes are demonstrated by hard exudates, increased vessel light reflexes, and sausage-shaped veins 4

    Arteriolar changes seen in hypertensive retinopathy resemble copper and silver wiring 5

    Accelerated hypertension 6
    Reproduced with permission from
1-5 Knoop KJ, et al. The Atlas of Emergency Medicine , 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill.
6 Riordan-Eva P, Cunningham ET Jr. Vaughan & Asbury’s General Ophthalmology , 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2011.

XII_1_b Selected Retinopathies on Funduscopy

    Ischemic optic neuropathy

    Sarcoidosis

    Cytomegalovirus retinitis “pizza pie” or “cheese and ketchup”

    Central retinal artery occlusion

    Subacute bacterial endocarditis Calcific embolus producing a distal area of retinal infarction

    Congenital toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis
    Reproduced with permission from Riordan-Eva P. Cunningham ET Jr. Vaughan & Asbury’s General Ophthalmology , 18th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2011.