number in his cell fell to forty, when others were taken away and never seen again. The hardest thing was knowing that you hadnât done anything wrong, he says. The hardest thing was making up stories in order to survive, in order to avoid being tortured.
âDID YOU CONSIDER IT an ordinary type of job, or a special one?â Judge Lavergne asks a former prison guard on the witness stand.
âFrom what I saw, it was an ordinary type of job.â
âWhat was âordinaryâ about it?â
âThe Angkar assigned me to stand guard. I did the same thing all the time.â
âIf you were asked today to do an ordinary job of that nature, would you do it again?â
âNo! I wouldnât!â
The public gallery bursts into laughter.
âWhat does the word âAngkarâ mean for you? Is it an ordinary word or does it evoke fear?â
âThe term âAngkarâ was just an ordinary word used at the time. I wasnât frightened to use it, because it was widely used.â
âAnd the word âpity,â was that used?â
âI never once heard the word âpityâ used at S-21. Not once.â
âDid prisoners ask you for help?â
âYes, they asked me for help. But I told them I couldnât. It wasnât up to me.â
âAnd was that an ordinary job?â
âI only remember some parts of the job. I donât remember the details.â
âYou spent almost four years at S-21. Are the memories you have ordinary or painful ones?â
âI suffered during my time there, but I had no choice. I couldnât run away. I didnât realize that the regime was exterminating a large part of the population. I was just trying to survive.â
âAre the memories painful because you suffered, or because others did? Or was it just ordinary suffering?â
âThe suffering at S-21 was immense, because we had to work hard. We had no choice.â
âWas the suffering worse for you or for the prisoners?â
âThe prisoners suffered more than the staff.â
The daily tedium of the trial lulls its participants into forgetting the magnitude of the crime. But after hearing four former S-21 officers on the stand, Judge Lavergne is left seething by the way their testimony reinforces the banality of evil. Four months into Duchâs trial, the judge continues to guard against any slump in the collective sense of outrage. Weâre told a process of dehumanization was required, to enable such crimes. The judge wishes to ensure we remain emotionally invested, if restrained, throughout the trial. The defense lawyerâs job is to make us see Duchâs humanity and thus underscore his potential for rehabilitation. Regardless, the judge insists that the trialâs moral compass remain the solemn and uncompromising refusal to accept the transgressions that took place at S-21.
Each person at the prison had his own, strictly defined tasks. The warden Him Huyâs relationship with the interrogators was not a close one. He oversaw the officers who guarded the cells, but not the prisoners themselves. When an interrogator wanted one of the detainees, he gave the prisonerâs name to Suor Thi, who would tell Him Huy in which cell and in which building the guards could find him. In return, the interrogators informed Suor Thi in which individual cell the prisoner was to be kept during his interrogation. Once it was over, the interrogator sent the prisoner back to the group cell without going through Suor Thi.
âWhenever a prisoner died in the cell, I received a medical report and then made the necessary adjustment to the list,â explains the dull, conscientious bureaucrat Suor Thi.
When the medical unit wanted blood from prisoners, they put in a request to Hor, who asked Duch, since no prisoner could be removed without Duchâs authorization. I did not personally witness any blood-taking, but all those