there
trivarga: “triple path,” the three goals of human life ( purusha-arthas )
Tukaram: antinomian poet saint in Maharashtra, 1608-1649 CE
Tulsidas: poet, author of the Hindi Ramcharitmanas , 1532-1623 CE
Tvastri: Vedic architect, blacksmith, and artisan of the gods
twice born ( dvi-ja ): name of the three higher classes ( varnas ) of Hindu society, reborn on their initiation
ulama: conservative ruling body of Islam
Ulupi: a cobra woman married by Arjuna, in the Mahabharata
Upanishads: Sanskrit philosophical texts, from c. 500 BCE
Vaishnava: pertaining to Vishnu; a worshiper of Vishnu
Vaishyas: the third of the four classes ( varnas ) of ancient Indian society
Valin: monkey falsely accused of usurping his brother’s throne, unfairly killed by Rama, in the Ramayana
Valmiki: author of the Ramayana and, within it, guardian and tutor of Rama’s twin sons
Vama: “left-hand,” said of the more antinomian aspects of Hinduism, particularly of Tantrism
Varanasi: name of Kashi, Benares
varna: “color,” any of the four social classes of ancient India
varna-ashrama-dharma: the religious law pertaining to social class ( varna ) and stage of life ( ashrama ), often used as a description of Hinduism
varna-samkara: the mixture of classes, miscegenation
Varuna: Vedic god of the sky, the waters, and the moral law
vasana: “perfume,” the memory traces left by former lives
Vasudeva: the cowherd who adopts the infant Krishna and raises him, in the Puranas
Vatsyayana: author of the Kama-sutra
Vayu: god of the wind
Veda: “knowledge,” one of the three (or four) most ancient sacred texts; also used to denote all four Vedas plus the Brahmanas and Upanishads
Vedanta: “end of the Veda,” a term for the Upanishads and for the later philosophy based on the Upanishads
Vedantic: pertaining to the Vedanta
Vessantara Jataka: Buddhist text that tells the story of a king, Vessantara, who lost everything he had
Vibhishana: an ogre, the moralistic brother of Ravana, in the Ramayana
Vidura: a son of Vyasa born of a servant girl; an incarnation of dharma
viraha: separation, particularly the emotional agony of separation from a lover or from a beloved god
Virashaiva: a sect of Shaivas, also called Lingayats, founded by Basava c. 1106-1167 CE
Virochana: an antigod, father of Bali
Vishnu: a great god
Vitthal: a Maharashtrian god
Vithoba: a Maharashtrian god
Vivekananda: a holy man, one of the founders of the Vedanta movement, who brought Hinduism to Chicago in 1893 CE
Vritra: an antigod, Indra’s great enemy, in the Vedas
Vyasa: a sage, author of the Mahabharata and of Pandu, Dhritarashtra, and Vidura
Xuan Zang: Chinese visitor to India in the seventh century CE
Yajur Veda: the third Veda, arranged for the sacrifice
Yakshas, Yakshinis : forest and tree spirits, beautiful, able to confer fertility but sometimes malicious
Yashoda: the cowherd woman who adopted Krishna, in the Puranas
Yavakri: a sage who was killed because he raped a Brahmin’s wife, in the Brahmanas and the Mahabharata
Yavanas: “Ionians,” a Sanskrit word first for Greeks, then for any foreigners
yoni: the womb, the partner of the linga
Yudhishthira: oldest son of Pandu, begotten by Dharma
Yuga: an age, one of four periods of time in which everything degenerates
zenana: the part of a house or palace where women are secluded
Zoroastrians: members of a religion derived from the Iranian Avesta, involving the worship of fire
BIBLIOGRAPHY: WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED
SANSKRIT, GREEK, PALI, AND HINDI TEXTS, BY TITLE
Adhyatma-Ramayana , with the commentaries of Narottama, Ramavarman, and Gopala Chakravarti. Calcutta: Metropolitan Printing & Publishing House, 1935. Calcutta Sanskrit series, no. 11.
Agni Purana . Poona: Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, 1957.
Aitareya Brahamana , with the commentary of Sayana. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1895.
Anagatavamsa of Kassapa. Ed. J. Minayeff. Journal of the Pali Text Society . London, 1886. Pp.
trivarga: “triple path,” the three goals of human life ( purusha-arthas )
Tukaram: antinomian poet saint in Maharashtra, 1608-1649 CE
Tulsidas: poet, author of the Hindi Ramcharitmanas , 1532-1623 CE
Tvastri: Vedic architect, blacksmith, and artisan of the gods
twice born ( dvi-ja ): name of the three higher classes ( varnas ) of Hindu society, reborn on their initiation
ulama: conservative ruling body of Islam
Ulupi: a cobra woman married by Arjuna, in the Mahabharata
Upanishads: Sanskrit philosophical texts, from c. 500 BCE
Vaishnava: pertaining to Vishnu; a worshiper of Vishnu
Vaishyas: the third of the four classes ( varnas ) of ancient Indian society
Valin: monkey falsely accused of usurping his brother’s throne, unfairly killed by Rama, in the Ramayana
Valmiki: author of the Ramayana and, within it, guardian and tutor of Rama’s twin sons
Vama: “left-hand,” said of the more antinomian aspects of Hinduism, particularly of Tantrism
Varanasi: name of Kashi, Benares
varna: “color,” any of the four social classes of ancient India
varna-ashrama-dharma: the religious law pertaining to social class ( varna ) and stage of life ( ashrama ), often used as a description of Hinduism
varna-samkara: the mixture of classes, miscegenation
Varuna: Vedic god of the sky, the waters, and the moral law
vasana: “perfume,” the memory traces left by former lives
Vasudeva: the cowherd who adopts the infant Krishna and raises him, in the Puranas
Vatsyayana: author of the Kama-sutra
Vayu: god of the wind
Veda: “knowledge,” one of the three (or four) most ancient sacred texts; also used to denote all four Vedas plus the Brahmanas and Upanishads
Vedanta: “end of the Veda,” a term for the Upanishads and for the later philosophy based on the Upanishads
Vedantic: pertaining to the Vedanta
Vessantara Jataka: Buddhist text that tells the story of a king, Vessantara, who lost everything he had
Vibhishana: an ogre, the moralistic brother of Ravana, in the Ramayana
Vidura: a son of Vyasa born of a servant girl; an incarnation of dharma
viraha: separation, particularly the emotional agony of separation from a lover or from a beloved god
Virashaiva: a sect of Shaivas, also called Lingayats, founded by Basava c. 1106-1167 CE
Virochana: an antigod, father of Bali
Vishnu: a great god
Vitthal: a Maharashtrian god
Vithoba: a Maharashtrian god
Vivekananda: a holy man, one of the founders of the Vedanta movement, who brought Hinduism to Chicago in 1893 CE
Vritra: an antigod, Indra’s great enemy, in the Vedas
Vyasa: a sage, author of the Mahabharata and of Pandu, Dhritarashtra, and Vidura
Xuan Zang: Chinese visitor to India in the seventh century CE
Yajur Veda: the third Veda, arranged for the sacrifice
Yakshas, Yakshinis : forest and tree spirits, beautiful, able to confer fertility but sometimes malicious
Yashoda: the cowherd woman who adopted Krishna, in the Puranas
Yavakri: a sage who was killed because he raped a Brahmin’s wife, in the Brahmanas and the Mahabharata
Yavanas: “Ionians,” a Sanskrit word first for Greeks, then for any foreigners
yoni: the womb, the partner of the linga
Yudhishthira: oldest son of Pandu, begotten by Dharma
Yuga: an age, one of four periods of time in which everything degenerates
zenana: the part of a house or palace where women are secluded
Zoroastrians: members of a religion derived from the Iranian Avesta, involving the worship of fire
BIBLIOGRAPHY: WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED
SANSKRIT, GREEK, PALI, AND HINDI TEXTS, BY TITLE
Adhyatma-Ramayana , with the commentaries of Narottama, Ramavarman, and Gopala Chakravarti. Calcutta: Metropolitan Printing & Publishing House, 1935. Calcutta Sanskrit series, no. 11.
Agni Purana . Poona: Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, 1957.
Aitareya Brahamana , with the commentary of Sayana. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1895.
Anagatavamsa of Kassapa. Ed. J. Minayeff. Journal of the Pali Text Society . London, 1886. Pp.
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