The Confederate Nation: 1861 to 1865 Read Online Free PDF

see Kenneth M. Stampp,
The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South
(New York, 1955).See John Hope Franklin,
The Militant South, 1800
–
1861,
(Cambridge, Mass., 1956); and Stanley M. Elkins,
Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life
(Chicago, 1959), for strong statements about the general effect of the slave system on masters and slaves respectively
    26 On Northern racism see especially Leon F. Litwack,
North of Slavery 1790–1860
(Chicago, 1961); Foner,
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men
; Eugene H. Berwanger,
The Frontier Against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy
(Urbana, 111., 1967); and C. Vann Woodward, “White Racism and Black ‘Emancipation,’ “
New York Review of Books
(Feb. 27, 1969).
    27 See David Brian Davis,
The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture
(Ithaca, N.Y., 1966); and Genovese,
The World the Slaveholders Made,
pp. 3–113.
    28 Regarding the human dimension in slavery and race relations see Genovese “The Slave South,”
Political Economy,
for emphasis on the masters; John W. Blassingame,
The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Ante Bellum South
(New York, 1972), and Eugene D. Genovese,
Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made
(New York, 1974), for emphasis upon the slaves; and Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Eqgerman,
Time on the Cross,
2 vols. (Boston, 1974), for emphasis upon both slaves and masters. The Benét lines are from
John Brown’s Body
(New York, 1927), p. 333.
    29 See Potter,
South and Sectional Conflict,
pp. 191–194.
    30 The classic statement of this view is Thomas P. Kettell,
Southern Wealth and Northern Profits, as Exhibited in Statistical Facts and Official Figures
(New York, 1860). Harold D. Woodman,
King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South
(Lexington, Ky., 1968), offers an updated perspective but nevertheless terms the "king" a "puppet monarch."
    31 Stuart Bruchey (ed.),
Cotton and the Growth of the American Economy
(New York, 1967), p. 7.
    32 For a good brief statement on the Southern economy see Douglas C. North,
Growth and Welfare in the American Past
, 2nd edition (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1974), pp. 87-95. More extended analyses are in Douglas C. North,
The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790-1860
(New York, 1966); and Stuart Bruchey,
The Roots of American Economic Growth, 1607-1861
(New York, 1965).
    33 A foremost booster of industry in the Old South was J. D. B. DeBow in
DeBow's Review
(New Orleans, 1846–1864) and
The Industrial Resources of the Southern and Western States
, 3 vols. (New Orleans, 1852-1853). Robert S. Starobin's
Industrial Slavery in the Old South
(New York, 1970) displays the available potential and limited success already demonstrated for the use of slave labor in manufacturing. Case studies of industrial enterprise are Charles B. Dew,
Ironmaker to the Confederacy: Joseph
R. Anderson and the Tredegar Iron Works
(New Haven, Conn., 1966); and Broadus Mitchell,
William Gregg, Factory Master of the Old South
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1928). Genovese,
Political Economy,
pp. 157
–
220, offers a summary explanation of why the Southern commitment to industry remained so small.
    34 Genovese,
Political Economy,
pp. 157
–
220.
    35 The foundation of much of this research is John R. Conrad and Alfred H. Meyer, “The Economics of Slavery in the Ante Bellum South,”
Journal of Political Economy,
LXVI (1958), 95
–
130, and
The Economics of Slavery and Other Studies in Econometric History
(Chicago, 1964). The best summaries of the debate over the profitability of the slave system are Harold R. Woodman, “The Profitability of Slavery: A Historical Perennial,’
“ Journal of Southern History,
XXIX (1963), 303-325; and Stanley L. Engerman, “The Effects of Slavery upon the Southern Economy: A Review of the Recent Debate,”
Explorations in Entrepreneurial History,
2nd ser. IV (1967), 71-97. See also Fogel and Engerman,
Time on