just observe. But Grace knows what weâre here for.â
âBecause of the collar?â
âRight. Sheâll sniff the surrounding air, but she should be able to tell if thereâs a resident with
C. diff
and if so, let us know exactly which person it is. If she does detect it, sheâll alert by lying down in front of the infected person, or in the doorway to his or her room.â
âYouâve seen her do this?â
âTwice last week.â
âAnd both people had
C. diff
?â
Creed nodded.
Clostridium difficile
was a bacterium picked up from contaminated surfaces and usually spread from health care providers. From Creedâs own research, it was particularly nasty because symptoms didnât show up in the beginning. Toxins released by the bacterium attacked the lining of the intestines. The resulting infection could be fatal if not detected early, especially in people with compromised immune systems. Diagnostic tests could be expensive and slow. In the test studies Creed read about, dogs were able to detect
C. diff
with one hundred percent sensitivity and ninety-six percent specificity. And they were able to do so in the very early stages, sooner than any of the available lab tests. The same was true for several cancers.
âI get how dogs sniff out dead stuff and drugs,â Jason said, now keeping his voice low and quiet as more residents wandered closer. âEven explosives. Theyâre all very different smells. But infections? Cancerâall that stuffâseems like it would smell similar.â
âYou mean like a sick person just smells like a sick person.â
Jason met Creedâs eyes as if checking to see if he was making fun of him. Creed wasnât.
âRemember that dogs can differentiate between smells. Consider beef stew on the stovetop. You smell beef stew. Dogs have the ability to layer scent. They smell the beef, carrots, potatoes, onion . . . every ingredient. They can separate each of those scents. So to Graceâand hopefully Mollyâdiabetes smells different than cancer, and lung cancer smells different than prostate cancer, because each of those conditions triggers different reactions in the body. The immune system releases different mechanisms to fight or compensate.â
âDead bodies seem easier.â
âBut even they smell different at various stages of decomposition.â
âOkay, I get it,â Jason said. âIt just seems . . .â
âToo incredible?â
âA little bit.â
âBut for dogs, itâs second nature. A dogâs whole world is based on scent. Itâs just a part of who they are, what they do. They have over three hundred million scent receptors compared to our measly five million. Think of it this way. You can get a whiff of a teaspoon of sugar in your coffee. A dog can detect a teaspoon of sugar in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. Itâs not just that they have sensitive noses. The part of the dogâs brain thatâs dedicated to analyzing odors is forty times greater than ours. When you think of it that way, weâre not training them so much as weâre harnessing those abilities and finding a way to communicate what we want them to find.â
âHey, Jason! What are you doing here?â
Both Creed and Jason turned to see the man waving at them from one of the hallways. His feather-white hair stood straight up like he had just crawled out of bed. But Creed thought the rest of the old manâhis trousers, buttoned shirt, and cardiganâall looked neat and pressed as if he had just stepped out of a business meeting. Until Creed noticed the pink bunny slippers.
Creed heard Jason stifle a groan before he said, âThatâs my granddad.â
The man clapped Jason on the shoulder as his rheumy blue eyes took in Creed and the dogs.
âYou must be working,â he said, then offered his hand to Creed. âIâm Gus
Arnold Nelson, Jouko Kokkonen