Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty Read Online Free PDF Page B

107–12
Abduh, Muhammed, 170–71
Abdülaziz, Ottoman sultan, 154
Abdülhamid II, Ottoman sultan, 155–56, 157, 162, 170, 208, 314 n
Islamism and, 158–59
reform innovations of, 160–61
U.S.-Philippines conflict and, 159–60
Abdullah, S¸eyhul-Islam, 314 n
Abdülmecid Ottoman sultan, 140, 147–48, 160, 275–76
Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 325 n –26 n
Abdulmuttalib, Grand Sharif of Mecca, 140
Abode of Freedom, 286
Abode of Islam ( dar al-Islam ), 15, 106, 286
Abode of Treaty ( dar al-ahd ), 15, 286
Abode of Trial ( dar al-ibtila ), 15, 93, 266, 272
Abode of Tyranny, 286
Abode of War ( dar al-harb ), 15, 106, 286
Abraham, 19, 60, 61, 283
abrogation, theory of, 103, 329 n
Abu Bakr, 64, 83, 251, 276
Abu Hanifa, 85, 89–90, 97, 98, 99
Acre Castle, 74
Adam, 104, 292 n
Adem, Khalid, 31–32
Adnan Menderes Mausoleum, 221
adultery, 270, 327 n
Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 170–71
Afghanistan, 25, 30, 36, 111, 201, 225, 264
Africa, 32, 64
Islamization of, 64–65
afterlife, 49, 52, 88, 172, 236, 258, 270, 271, 285
Age of Discovery, 127
ahl al-hadith, see People of Tradition
ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book), 22–23, 142
ahl al-ray, see People of Reason
Ahmad, Barakat, 294 n
Ahmad, Muhammad, 324 n
Ahmed Khan, Syed, 172
Ahrar (Party of Liberals, Ottoman), 165
Aisha, 59, 64, 82, 294 n –95 n
Akbulut, Neslihan, 205
Akçura, Yusuf, 314 n, 317 n
AKP (Justice and Development Party, Turkish), 203–4, 214, 219, 221, 230–31, 233, 241, 242
democracy and, 222–23, 224
founding of, 223
Gülen movement and, 225
Kemalists’ opposition to, 223–24
liberalism and, 225–26
Milli Görüs¸ movement abandoned by, 224–25
Muslimism and, 224
2007 election and, 223
Al-Azhar University, 252
Albania, 167
Alevis, 205
Algeria, 174, 213
Ali, Caliph, 24–25, 64, 80–81, 82, 83, 120, 300 n
in Battle of Siffin, 80–81, 82
Ali Pas¸a, Muhammad, 169
Âli Pas¸a (Ottoman statesman), 161
Aliya, Abu al-, 265
Aliye, Fatma, 163
Alkindus (al-Kindi), 95, 108
Allah, 15, 45, 245, 253, 292 n, 302 n, 326 n
Almohavid dynasty, 15, 65, 306 n
almsgiving ( zakat ), 26, 269, 276
Alpharibus (al-Farabi), 94–95, 118–19, 254
al-Qaeda, 120, 210
Alvarus, Paul, 77
American Revolution, 62
Amin, Ahmad, 171
Anatolia, 15, 141, 145, 179, 209, 227
Anatolian Tigers, 15–16, 227, 228
Andalus, Al, 113
Andıç case, 320 n
Anglo-Saxon Superiority, The: To What Is It Due ( À quoi tient la supériorité des Anglo-Saxons ) (Demolin), 165–66
animal rights, 54
animists, 32
Ankara School, 235–36
An-Na‘im, Abdullahi Ahmed, 256–57, 325 n
antirationalism, 96–98
anti-Semitism, 171, 175, 224
Muslim, 316 n
apostasy, 30–31, 151–52, 236, 273–78
death penalty and, 274, 277–78
in Qur’an, 275–76
Arabs, Arabia, 11, 67, 142, 167, 301 n, 311 n
animal rights and, 54
fatalism of, 85, 131–32
physical environment and mindset of, 128–32
Qur’an’s warning about, 121
Sunna tradition and, 130–31
tribalism of, see tribalism
use of term, 130
vendetta custom of, 293 n
see also Bedouins
“Arab spring” of 2011, 241
Arafat, Walid N., 57–58, 294 n
Arınç, Bülent, 225, 321 n
Aristotle, 108, 164
Armenians, 147, 149, 156, 223
massacre of, 168, 226, 328 n
Armstrong, Karen, 54, 61, 173
Army of the People, 188
art, 124
Hadith’s ban of, 105
Ashari, al-, 115, 251–52
Asharism, 16, 115
Asia Minor, 64
Association for Liberal Thinking, 225
Ata, Wasil b., 306 n
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 19, 24, 34, 36, 178, 182, 183, 184, 185–87, 188, 219, 252, 314 n
personality cult of, 186
see also Kemalist Revolution
atheism, 181
Athenagoras, Ecumenical Patriarch, 213–14
Attar, al-, 169
Augustine, Saint, 69
authoritarianism, 173, 202, 211, 260, 302 n , 310 n
Averroes (Ibn Rushd), 91, 95, 118, 301 n
Avicenna (Ibn Sina), 95, 301 n
Aydın, Mehmet, 226, 235
Badr, Battle of, 16, 247–48
Bahrain, 241
Balkans, 64, 128, 145, 147, 158, 166, 167
Ottomans and, 156–57, 311 n
Balkan Wars of 1912–13, 167
Bamiyan, statues of Buddha at, 30
Banna, Hasan al-, 21, 200
Banu Hashim, 43
Banu Qurayza, 16,