Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India Read Online Free PDF
Author: Joseph Lelyveld
Tags: General, Historical, Asia, History, Biography & Autobiography, Political, Biography, Political Science, Modern, India, South Africa - Politics and government - 1836-1909, Nationalists - India, South Africa, India & South Asia, India - Politics and government - 1919-1947, Nationalists, Gandhi, Statesmen - India, Statesmen
archive of Killie Campbell Library in Durban.
54
close to the Zulu royal house:
In 1936—twenty-four years after he was elected president of the South African Native National Congress—John Dube was named “Prime Minister” of what was termed the Zulu nation by the reigning Prince Regent.
55 “
Every other question
”: “Sons of the Soil,”
Indian Opinion
, Aug. 30, 1913, quoted in Nauriya,
African Element in Gandhi
, p. 48.
56 “
You must know that every one
”: Reprinted in “Sons of the Soil,” cited by Nauriya,
African Element in Gandhi
, p. 48.
57 “
About five hundred Indians
”: Document in the Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Center at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, File 1262/203, 3984, HIST/1893/14.
58 “
people like Indians
”: See Carl Faye,
Zulu References for Interpreters and Students in Documents
(Pietermaritzburg, 1923), which includes “Notes of Proceedings at Meeting with Zulus Held by John L. Dube at Eshowe, Zululand, 30 November 1912.”
59 “
anti-Indianism”:
Heather Hughes, “Doubly Elite: Exploring the Life ofJohn Langalibalele Dube,”
Journal of Southern African Studies
vol. 27, no. 3 (Sept. 2001): footnote p. 446. The quotation from “The Indian Invasion” came to me in an e-mail from Ms. Hughes.
60
Later a Zulu newspaper
: Roux,
Time Longer Than Rope
, p. 250.
61 “
Indians cannot make common cause
”:
Harijan
, Feb. 18, 1939.
62 “
Indians and Africans must act
”: A little more than two months before Nazis attacked the Soviet Union, she was delivering what was essentially an antiwar message, but not for Gandhi’s reasons.
63
That night, according to one
: “I Remember,” privately circulated memoir by I. C. Meer, edited by E. S. Reddy and Fatima Meer.
64 “
pogrom” against Indians:
Goolam Vahed and Ashwin Desai offer a narrative and analysis of the 1949 riot in
Monty Naiker: Between Reason and Treason
(Pietermaritzburg, 2010), pp. 234–55.
65 “
The inclusion of all
”:
CWMG
, vol. 87, p. 414.
66
But few African leaders were ready:
The conspicuous exception wasAlbert Luthuli who became president of the African National Congress in 1952. Four years earlier, a few months after Gandhi’s murder, Luthuli spoke of “the efficacy ofnonviolence as an instrument of struggle in seeking freedom for oppressed people” in a speech at Howard University in Washington that anticipated Martin Luther King, Jr. The first South African to win theNobel Peace Prize said blacks in the United States as well as Africa should go forward as Gandhi’s “undoubted disciples.” His notes for the speech are preserved in the archive of the Luthuli Museum in Groutville, KwaZulu-Natal, and cited by Scott Couper in his
Albert Luthuli: Bound by Faith
.
67 “
Many of our grassroots
”: Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, p. 107, cited by Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
p. 342.
68
Repeatedly, he courted arrest
: Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
pp. 353–55.
69
But Manilal had no organized
: Ibid., p. 355.
70
At one meeting
: Ibid., pp. 350–51.
71 “
The principle was not
”: Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, p. 111. See also pp. 91, 99.
CHAPTER 4: UPPER HOUSE
1 “
No man or woman living
”: Gandhi to Kallenbach, June 16, 1912, quoted by Hunt and Bhana, “Spiritual Rope-Walkers.”
2 “
a grim fight against
”:
CWMG
, 2nd ed., vol. 58, pp. 118–19.
3
For five of those years
: Kasturba moved to Tolstoy Farm with two sons in the latter half of 1910 and stayed till September 1912, when she moved back to Phoenix, according to Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
pp. 96, 104.
4
Gandhi insists
: Gandhi,
Autobiography
, p. 270.
5
Colonial Natal was a place
:
Natal Mercury
, June 15, 1903.
6 “
no reason why we should
”: Huttenback,
Gandhi in South Africa
, p. 244. Emphasis mine.
7
Finally,
54
close to the Zulu royal house:
In 1936—twenty-four years after he was elected president of the South African Native National Congress—John Dube was named “Prime Minister” of what was termed the Zulu nation by the reigning Prince Regent.
55 “
Every other question
”: “Sons of the Soil,”
Indian Opinion
, Aug. 30, 1913, quoted in Nauriya,
African Element in Gandhi
, p. 48.
56 “
You must know that every one
”: Reprinted in “Sons of the Soil,” cited by Nauriya,
African Element in Gandhi
, p. 48.
57 “
About five hundred Indians
”: Document in the Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Center at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, File 1262/203, 3984, HIST/1893/14.
58 “
people like Indians
”: See Carl Faye,
Zulu References for Interpreters and Students in Documents
(Pietermaritzburg, 1923), which includes “Notes of Proceedings at Meeting with Zulus Held by John L. Dube at Eshowe, Zululand, 30 November 1912.”
59 “
anti-Indianism”:
Heather Hughes, “Doubly Elite: Exploring the Life ofJohn Langalibalele Dube,”
Journal of Southern African Studies
vol. 27, no. 3 (Sept. 2001): footnote p. 446. The quotation from “The Indian Invasion” came to me in an e-mail from Ms. Hughes.
60
Later a Zulu newspaper
: Roux,
Time Longer Than Rope
, p. 250.
61 “
Indians cannot make common cause
”:
Harijan
, Feb. 18, 1939.
62 “
Indians and Africans must act
”: A little more than two months before Nazis attacked the Soviet Union, she was delivering what was essentially an antiwar message, but not for Gandhi’s reasons.
63
That night, according to one
: “I Remember,” privately circulated memoir by I. C. Meer, edited by E. S. Reddy and Fatima Meer.
64 “
pogrom” against Indians:
Goolam Vahed and Ashwin Desai offer a narrative and analysis of the 1949 riot in
Monty Naiker: Between Reason and Treason
(Pietermaritzburg, 2010), pp. 234–55.
65 “
The inclusion of all
”:
CWMG
, vol. 87, p. 414.
66
But few African leaders were ready:
The conspicuous exception wasAlbert Luthuli who became president of the African National Congress in 1952. Four years earlier, a few months after Gandhi’s murder, Luthuli spoke of “the efficacy ofnonviolence as an instrument of struggle in seeking freedom for oppressed people” in a speech at Howard University in Washington that anticipated Martin Luther King, Jr. The first South African to win theNobel Peace Prize said blacks in the United States as well as Africa should go forward as Gandhi’s “undoubted disciples.” His notes for the speech are preserved in the archive of the Luthuli Museum in Groutville, KwaZulu-Natal, and cited by Scott Couper in his
Albert Luthuli: Bound by Faith
.
67 “
Many of our grassroots
”: Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, p. 107, cited by Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
p. 342.
68
Repeatedly, he courted arrest
: Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
pp. 353–55.
69
But Manilal had no organized
: Ibid., p. 355.
70
At one meeting
: Ibid., pp. 350–51.
71 “
The principle was not
”: Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, p. 111. See also pp. 91, 99.
CHAPTER 4: UPPER HOUSE
1 “
No man or woman living
”: Gandhi to Kallenbach, June 16, 1912, quoted by Hunt and Bhana, “Spiritual Rope-Walkers.”
2 “
a grim fight against
”:
CWMG
, 2nd ed., vol. 58, pp. 118–19.
3
For five of those years
: Kasturba moved to Tolstoy Farm with two sons in the latter half of 1910 and stayed till September 1912, when she moved back to Phoenix, according to Dhupelia-Mesthrie,
Gandhi’s Prisoner?
pp. 96, 104.
4
Gandhi insists
: Gandhi,
Autobiography
, p. 270.
5
Colonial Natal was a place
:
Natal Mercury
, June 15, 1903.
6 “
no reason why we should
”: Huttenback,
Gandhi in South Africa
, p. 244. Emphasis mine.
7
Finally,