As sin spread throughout the world and the minds of men were turned toward evil, God saw no alternative but to cleanse the earth with a flood and establish a “new nature” in man that does not have to sin. It is this new nature that the Messiah will meet in mankind when He comes. As far as this author is aware, the re-creation of man’s nature is mentioned in no other book. This idea of human nature being altered as it existed before the flood is found nowhere else but in Jubilees.
The angelic narrator tells us there were times in Israel’s history when no evil existed and all men lived in accord. We are also told when and where the satans were allowed to attack and confound Israel. In this narrative, God uses his satans to harden the hearts of the Egyptians so they pursued Israel and were destroyed.
“The Apocalypse of Moses” also denotes the same work. This title seems to have been used for only a short period of time. It refers to the revelation given to Moses as the recipient of all the knowledge disclosed in the book. The term “Apocalypse” means to make known or to reveal. Another title of Jubilees is “Little Genesis”. This refers to the lesser, non-canon status of the book. With the exception of minor differences picked up through translation and copying, the three titles represent the same text.
The Book of Genesis
Genesis is the first book of the Old Testament in both the Jewish and Christian Bibles. Genesis means the act or process of producing, thus the text is named for the creation story.
The first eleven chapters are adapted from Mesopotamian and Canaanite traditions regarding the creation of earth. Other story lines were added to account for the existence of man by incorporating stories about Adam and Eve. The story of the flood is brought into Genesis, although it is difficult to know exactly which region the story was taken from as practically every culture has such a story. It is generally assumed the Deluge story was acquired from the same culture the creation story element was taken.
Although traditionally The Book of Genesis is attributed to Moses, most modern scholars agree that the book is a composite of at least three different literary strands: J (10th century B.C.), E (9th century), and P (5th century). Oddly, one of the contributors seems to have a “feminine” voice and could have been penned, or at least influenced by a woman.
At the time of the “J” document, a despot ruled over the Jews around 560 B.C. The writer of “J” may have written the book to document the people’s oral history and thus give them hope and ensure there would be a record of their connection to their God, fearing their destruction.
Since three stories were being interwoven, the writer of Genesis took the J,P, and E stories and combined them, removing parts that were contrary to the religious beliefs of the day. One set of writings used the Canaanite term, “Elohim,” as the name of the creator God. A second used the more ancient Judean word transliterated from Hebrew and rendered “Jehovah” in English, to describe its God.
By removing inconsistencies and repetitions a smooth storyline emerged. The story coming from the Canaanite culture contained polytheistic beliefs. Traces of the two different gods and their differing personalities, as well as the Canaanite belief in polytheism may remain, but since the Jews had come to embrace monotheism at that time, the writer attempted to remove traces of such variances.
For a more complete picture it is always best to keep all stories and books in context. The complete translations of the books of Jubilees, Enoch, and Jasher can be obtained through most bookstores. This author has such translation
Heidi Hunter, Bad Boy Team