Ethan Frome, Summer, Bunner Sisters Read Online Free PDF Page B

office for a second time.
    The Liberals are defeated in British elections. Disraeli becomes prime minister (to 1880). First Impressionist exhibition in Paris.
    Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
    Death of Wild Bill Hickok (b. 1837) – Western folk-hero.
    Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes (to 1881).
    US Reconstruction collapses; southern states impose racist legislation.
    Russia declares war on Turkey (to 1878).
    Edison invents the phonograph.
    Afghan War. Congress of Berlin.
    Zulu War.
    Standard Oil refines 95% of America’s oil. Invention of the incandescent lamp. 1880s: growth of Women’s Clubs in American cities; labour unrest – almost 10,000 strikes and lockouts; rise of magazines –
Cosmopolitan
, the
Ladies’ Home Journal
,
McClure’s
; electricity for private houses; rise of department stores. Taylor’s ‘time-study’ experiments.
    Gladstone becomes British prime minister for a second time (to 1885).
    Presidency of James Garfield. Garfield assassinated. Presidency of Chester Arthur (to 1885). Founding of the American Federation of Labor.
    Tsar Alexander II assassinated.
    Jesse James shot and killed.
    First central power plant in New York (Edison, backed by J. P. Morgan).
    Married Women’s Property Act in Britain.
    Death of Garibaldi (b. 1807) and Darwin (b. 1809).
    Death of Marx (b. 1818) and Wagner (b. 1813).
    Russian Marxist Party founded.
    Brooklyn Bridge opened.
     
DATE
AUTHOR’S LIFE
LITERARY CONTEXT
1884

Twain:
Huckleberry Finn
.
Jewett:
A Country Doctor
.
Maupassant:
Miss Harriet
;
Clair de Lune
.
1885
Marries Teddy Wharton.
Zola:
Germinal
.
Marx:
Das Kapital
II.
Howells:
The Rise of Silas Lapham
.
Maupassant:
Bel-Ami
.
1886

James:
The Bostonians
;
The Princess Casamassima
.
Death of Emily Dickinson.
Stevenson:
Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
.
Tolstoy:
The Death of Ivan Illych
.
Nietzsche:
Beyond Good and Evil
.
1887

Mary Wilkins Freeman:
A Humble Romance
.
Zola:
La Terre
.
1888
Edith and Teddy go on a four-month Aegean cruise. Edith inherits $120,000 from a cousin.
James:
The Aspern Papers
.
Birth of Katherine Mansfield and T. S. Eliot.
1889
1890
A story, ‘Mrs Manstey’s View’, is accepted for publication by Scribner’s.
James:
The Tragic Muse
.
William James:
Principles of Psychology
.
Ibsen:
Hedda Gabler
.
Wilde:
The Picture of Dorian Gray
.
1891
Purchases ‘narrow’ house in Park Avenue.
Hardy:
Tess of the d’Urbervilles
.
Gissing:
The Odd Women
;
New Grub Street
.
Freeman:
A New England Nun
.
Dewey:
Critical Theory of Ethics
.
US International Copyright
Bill improves authors’ finances.
1892
Writes
Bunner Sisters
(published 1916).
Charlotte Perkins Gilman:
‘The Yellow Wallpaper’.
Death of Whitman (b. 1819).
    HISTORICAL EVENTS
    Presidency of Grover Cleveland (to 1889).
    The ‘Great Upheaval’: 700,000 on strike in the US. Demand for eight-hour day. Surrender of Geronimo.
    Home Rule Bill for Ireland: Gladstone resigns, to be followed by Salisbury as prime minister (to 1892).
    Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser.
    Benjamin Harrison, Republican, elected president (to 1893).
    Jane Addams establishes Hull Settlement House, Chicago.
    Second Socialist International (to 1916).
    Eiffel Tower built in Paris.
    Census: US population 63 million. Enumerators instructed to distinguish between ‘blacks’, ‘mulattoes’, ‘quadroons’ and ‘octoroons’. New constitution of the state of Mississippi prohibits inter-racial union (the prohibition stands for seventy-five years). Depression: drastic fall in agricultural prices. Bismarck resigns.
    Carnegie Hall opens in New York.
    Financier Jay Gould dies worth $77 million.
    Gladstone, now in his eighty-third year, becomes prime minister for a fourth time (to 1894).
     
DATE
AUTHOR’S LIFE
LITERARY CONTEXT
1893
Buys Land’s End, on Atlantic front at Newport. Becomes friends with French novelist, Bourget.
Stephen Crane:
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
.
Sarah Grand:
The Heavenly Twins
.
Death of Maupassant (b. 1850).
1894
Travels in Italy. Depression