work. I thank the staff and the director, John Horgan, of the International Center for the Study of Terrorism (ICST) at Penn State, as well as Machelle Seiner and all of my colleagues at ICST. I am grateful to the dean of Liberal Arts, Susan Welch, as well as to Ray Lombra, Denise Solomon, Avis Kunz, Carolyn Sachs, Chris Woods, Trish Alexander, and Chris Bundy for giving me the time to make this book a reality.
I thank all the women who gave me their time to discuss their histories and their feelings about being involved in insurgent and terrorist movements. For obvious reasons, I will not be able to identify all those who offered their time and patience in responding to my questions about such difficult and sensitive issues. There are others, however, that I can thank and mention by name. Pat at CoÃste and Evelyn at Tar Anal helped enormously with various introductions in Belfast, and Sree helped locate material about the women of the LTTE. The staff at the Linen Hall Library assisted me tirelessly in sifting through years of historical background material on the Provisional IRA. Alistair Gordon and Ross Moore deserve thanks for everything they did to help me over several visits to the NIPC Collection in Belfast.
Ehud Sprinzak and Chuck Tilly continue to inspire me even in their absence. They both taught me so much and I will always be grateful for having known and studied with them. I am grateful to the research assistance of Shireen Judeh, Yael Miller, Lauren Coffey, Clare Hatfield, Mike Bartenfeld, Kelley Johnson, and Eleonora Rossi, in addition to all of my former students at UGA. Your questions in class often spurred me to delve deeper into this subject matter.
To my research collaborators, Kathleen Deloughery, Alex Downes, David Edelstein, Paul Gill, Ian Roxborough, Tricia Sullivan, and Ike Wilson: it is great working with such a talented team of people. Thank you all.
My friends and colleagues have always been wonderful sounding boards for new ideas. They brave extended discussions replete with all of the gory details about terrorist tactics. I am always grateful for their input and support. Due to the limitations of space I can only list but a few of you who have helped over the years: Farhana Ali, Nichole Argo, Victor Asal, Sammy Barkin, Irina Bazarya, Tore Bjørgo, David Burbach, Dan Byman, Erica Chenoweth, Dara Cohen, Helen Currie, Beth De Sombre, Adam Dolnik, Dan Drezner, Kathy Driehaus, Richard English, Roberto Farneti, James Forest, Boaz Ganor, Dipak Gupta, Chris Harmon, Ron Hassner, Bruce Hoffman, Karyn Holdsworth, Rick and Jennifer Jacobs, Philip Jenkins, Sidney Jones, Jenna Jordan, Keith Karako, Chaim Kaufman, Mike Kenney, Peter Krause, David Lake, Tom Lauth, Roy Licklider, Michael, Carol, and Ed Lipson, Orla Lynch, Bill and Julie Middleton, Judy Miller, Cecilia Mills, Helen Murphy, Alex, Katie, and Roux Novak, Reuven Paz, Ami Pedazhur, Daniela Pisoiu, Chris Preble, David Rapoport, Jean-François Ratelle, Christopher, Lori, and Jack Rudolph, Marc Sageman, Steve Saideman, Prakhar Sharma, Phil Shrodt, Amy Shuster, Marcia Sprules, Zack Taylor, Eileen Trauth, Maurits van der Veen, Leonard Weinberg, Paul and Sue Wilkinson, and Dan Winship. Thank you all for your ideas, insights, comments, critiques, and friendship.
I want to thank my familyâmy mother, Betty, Samara and Liam Archer-Bloom, Faygie Goldberg, Granda Martin, Louise and Rick Pygmanâwho are always the best cheerleaders for anything and everything I do.
Last but certainly not least, I thank John for everything. Tá grá agam duit.
All errors in this book are my sole responsibility and the views expressed represent those of the author and not of my academic institution, the International Center for the Study of Terrorism, or of the Department of the Navy.