A Guide to Philosophy in Six Hours and Fifteen Minutes Read Online Free PDF Page B
Author: Witold Gombrowicz
and general laws cannot be formed without concepts and without logic.On the other hand, concepts do not exist in reality (very important).
But there still is an objection which Kierkegaard formulated against Hegel: “Hegelian truth is conceived in advance.”The choice of our ideas is not formed as a consequence of an argument, but they are chosen in advance.Reasoning serves only to justify a previous choice.(It is impossible to fight with what the soul has chosen—Zeromski. * ) Hegel conceived his world in advance , in his reason, etc. Therefore, premeditated.Another flaw in abstract reasoning, and it is dramatic for the mind.Because of this, reasoning is not possible.
Under these conditions, how can existentialist reasoning, or a philosophical system like that of Heidegger or Sartre, be possible?
Husserl’s phenomenological method came to the aid of the existentialists.
Heidegger was Husserl’s favorite pupil.Husserl never forgave Heidegger for having profited from phenomenology for totally different ends, thereby creating the first existentialist system.Why the phenomenological method?
It is a new reduction of the thinking that had already been reduced by Descartes, Feuerbach, and others.
This reduction consists in the following: Husserl says: because we can say nothing about the noumenon (thing in itself), we put the noumenon in parentheses; that is, that the only thing one can speak of are the phenomena .
The noumenon , for example, is this chair such as it really is, and the phenomenon is the chair as we see it, or seen by an ant, conditioned by our capacity to see.That concerns not only our physical faculties of perception but also our mental faculties, as Kant showed (namely that time and space derive from us and not from the object in itself).
Husserl says: since we cannot know anything about the noumenon , I am putting it in parentheses.About the existence of God, for example, we know nothing.
And, returning to Descartes’ famous “cogito ergo sum” (I think, therefore I am), Husserl brackets the world and all the sciences concerning the world (biology, physics, history).Only the sciences involving our faculties remain, like mathematics, logic, geometry, etc.
He bracketed God and the sciences.
You really see the tremendous repercussions of seeing according to the phenomenological method.
Alas, I do not know whether Isa exists, I have an idea of Isa in my head! * Likewise, I was never born.I was never born in 1904.
I only know that I have the idea of my birth in 1904 in my consciousness, and that I have the idea of 1904, that is to say, of all the past years.
Everything changed in a diabolical way.That changes the universe.There is nothing more than a definitive center which is consciousness and that which passes into consciousness.Consciousness is evidently alone.The possibility of other consciousnesses does not exist.
Life is nothing more than a fact of consciousness.Likewise, logic, history, my future are nothingmore than facts of my consciousness which I cannot even call “my” consciousness, since “my” consciousness is only a fact of “the” definitive consciousness.
Everything reduces to phenomena in my consciousness.How, in this state of things, can one do philosophy?
For this definitive consciousness, nothing else remains than for it to “judge” itself.As consciousness is conscious of something, so, it is conscious of itself.Consciousness separates itself so to speak into several parts, which can be described as follows: first, second, third consciousness.But this second consciousness can be described by a third consciousness, and this is precisely what I do in speaking of the third consciousness.
Please do not forget that this is an extremely rudimentary manner of presenting phenomenology to you.
There is still one law of consciousness formulated by Husserl, called “the intentionality” of consciousness , that is, that consciousness consists in being conscious.But in
But there still is an objection which Kierkegaard formulated against Hegel: “Hegelian truth is conceived in advance.”The choice of our ideas is not formed as a consequence of an argument, but they are chosen in advance.Reasoning serves only to justify a previous choice.(It is impossible to fight with what the soul has chosen—Zeromski. * ) Hegel conceived his world in advance , in his reason, etc. Therefore, premeditated.Another flaw in abstract reasoning, and it is dramatic for the mind.Because of this, reasoning is not possible.
Under these conditions, how can existentialist reasoning, or a philosophical system like that of Heidegger or Sartre, be possible?
Husserl’s phenomenological method came to the aid of the existentialists.
Heidegger was Husserl’s favorite pupil.Husserl never forgave Heidegger for having profited from phenomenology for totally different ends, thereby creating the first existentialist system.Why the phenomenological method?
It is a new reduction of the thinking that had already been reduced by Descartes, Feuerbach, and others.
This reduction consists in the following: Husserl says: because we can say nothing about the noumenon (thing in itself), we put the noumenon in parentheses; that is, that the only thing one can speak of are the phenomena .
The noumenon , for example, is this chair such as it really is, and the phenomenon is the chair as we see it, or seen by an ant, conditioned by our capacity to see.That concerns not only our physical faculties of perception but also our mental faculties, as Kant showed (namely that time and space derive from us and not from the object in itself).
Husserl says: since we cannot know anything about the noumenon , I am putting it in parentheses.About the existence of God, for example, we know nothing.
And, returning to Descartes’ famous “cogito ergo sum” (I think, therefore I am), Husserl brackets the world and all the sciences concerning the world (biology, physics, history).Only the sciences involving our faculties remain, like mathematics, logic, geometry, etc.
He bracketed God and the sciences.
You really see the tremendous repercussions of seeing according to the phenomenological method.
Alas, I do not know whether Isa exists, I have an idea of Isa in my head! * Likewise, I was never born.I was never born in 1904.
I only know that I have the idea of my birth in 1904 in my consciousness, and that I have the idea of 1904, that is to say, of all the past years.
Everything changed in a diabolical way.That changes the universe.There is nothing more than a definitive center which is consciousness and that which passes into consciousness.Consciousness is evidently alone.The possibility of other consciousnesses does not exist.
Life is nothing more than a fact of consciousness.Likewise, logic, history, my future are nothingmore than facts of my consciousness which I cannot even call “my” consciousness, since “my” consciousness is only a fact of “the” definitive consciousness.
Everything reduces to phenomena in my consciousness.How, in this state of things, can one do philosophy?
For this definitive consciousness, nothing else remains than for it to “judge” itself.As consciousness is conscious of something, so, it is conscious of itself.Consciousness separates itself so to speak into several parts, which can be described as follows: first, second, third consciousness.But this second consciousness can be described by a third consciousness, and this is precisely what I do in speaking of the third consciousness.
Please do not forget that this is an extremely rudimentary manner of presenting phenomenology to you.
There is still one law of consciousness formulated by Husserl, called “the intentionality” of consciousness , that is, that consciousness consists in being conscious.But in
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